Evolution of calcite surfaces upon thermal decomposition, characterized by electrokinetics, in-situ XRD, and SEM

The present study analyses transformation pathways of pristine and thermally treated porous limestone dense marble surfaces by means time-resolved streaming current potential measurements coupled with scanning electron microscopy in-situ X-ray diffraction. results reveal that under nonequilibrium conditions the zeta (ζ) natural carbonates may exhibit positive negative signs ζ drifts in opposite directions. Sample surface roughness influences because it contributes to dissolution, as observed particularly initial period measurements. Thermal treatment causes a temporary charge reversal from positive. reactivity calcium hydroxide on calcite governs net electrokinetic isoelectric point (IEPpH), even at low coverage, cross-validated XRD. It was also found pore conductivity lead ~90% underestimation when assessed potential. SEM studies revealed micro cracks inducement after thermal treatment, which can result up same extent for limestone. When an asymmetric cell configuration involving polypropylene is used, fractional contribution IEPpH 0.3 overall determined 0.5. Our findings contribute understanding time-dependent modifications associated surfaces. This highlights effectiveness technique monitoring such changes further supported use ancillary techniques analyze extend chemo-mineralogical physical alterations.